| 摘要: | 《文選》詩歌有「雜詩」一支類，其支類因傳統文化積累的「雜」概念而得名。其類群由個別篇什的內容雜，與《文選》其他詩歌支類類似點模糊而集聚；由自己類體中的篇什群，內容、形式均雜而成立，是一以「雜」為類聚因素組合成的支類。《文選》以後，「雜詩」成了詩歌的一個類體，遍布中國詩歌史。
本論文根據《文選》「雜詩」的類聚因素，分《文選》「雜詩」中的小群體為「雜詩」、「古詩」，以「與」、「和」、「應」等概念限制而成的詩群，包括「贈答」、「祖餞」、「情詩」及其他等五個小群，而「其它」篇什群中，尚有「細類」可按，即「上巳」、「七夕」、「擣衣」、「飲酒」、「數詩」、「讀．．．．．．詩」等。於是除去前己完成研析的「詠物詩」、「祖餞詩」、「贈答詩」外，依所得「雜詩」下細類典型，到六朝詩世界中調查，發現整個六朝詩中，以「雜詩」為題的篇什21題次51首；以「情詩」為題的篇什，6題次10首；以「古詩」為題的篇什9題次13首；以「擣衣」為題的篇什9題次9首；以「飲酒」為題的篇什23題次42首；以「上巳．三月三日．蘭亭」為題的篇什73題次83首；以「七夕」為題的篇什41題次41首；以「數詩」為題的篇什4題次4首；以「讀．．．．．．詩」為題的篇什2題次14首。總計188題次273首。論文先論《文選》「雜詩」的概念、形成、發展、成立，再論其在《文選》中與其他支類的關係以確定其地位。其次分析六朝273首「雜詩」，論析其形式和內容。得出結論：「雜詩」類體中的篇什，形式、內容均雜；其「雜」由詩人創作時，內容缺乏統一的題材選擇，導致與《文選》詩歌支類的類似點模糊，以及《文選》編者以類似點模糊而非「歌」、非「擬」的篇什，歸於一支類所造成。這是《文選》「雜詩」的內外因素對六朝「雜詩」的遺傳基因。於是依題材的統一視點，分析各細類，再加綜合，乃發現六朝「雜詩」群，含有敘事系統中「建國史詩」、「家族史詩」、「詠史詩」、「狹義敘事詩」、「征戍詩」、「邊塞詩」、「遊獵詩」、「遊俠詩」；抒情系統的「隱逸詩」、「田園詩」、「遊仙詩」、「玄言詩」、「山水詩」、「詠物詩」、「愛情詩」、「親情詩」、「友情詩」、「狹義詠懷詩」、「宮體詩」等，共十九種題材類型。由是得以證明，《文選》「詩歌」支類「雜詩」的「雜性」，以及所有「雜詩」與整個六朝詩題材類型的關係，證實了我提出的六朝題材詩系統論的周延性。
Wen Hsuan in its classification of poetry includes the sub-category of "Tsa"(miscellaneous), which it borrowed from the idea of "Tsa"in traditional culture. This grouping of poems is due to the miscellaneous nature of the poems' content, which were thus unable to be placed in any of the other poetic sub-categories of Wen Hsuan. The poems in this"Tsa" sub-category are diverse both in content and in form with the concept "Tsa" as the main factor of categorisation. After Wen Hsuan, "Tsa" poetry became a poetic category in itself, appearing throughout the history of Chinese poetry.
This study looks at the categorisation factors of "Tsa" poetry in Wen Hsuan, and categorises these "Tsa" poems further into the subgroups of "Tsa", "Ku", and the group of poems restricted in composition by the concepts "yu", "ho" and "ying", and which include the types "presented in Reply to…,"Farewell Dinner" and "Frienship" poems. Another subgroup of the "Tsa" poems is "Various Others", which can be subcategorised into "Shangszu", "Chihsi", "Taoyi", "Drinking", "Shushih", and "On Reading...". Ignoring the "Yungwu", "Farewell Dinner", and "presented in Reply to..." poems, which have been discussed in a previous study, the subcategories found in the "Tsa"poems of Wen Hsuan were looked at from the perspective of Six Dynasties poetry as a whole. It was found that there were 21 titles and 51 poems with "Tsa" poetry as the heading; 6 titles and 10 poems with "Friendship" poetry as the heading; 9 titles and 13 poems with "Ku" poetry as the heading; 9 titles and 9 poems with "Taoyi"as the heading; 23 titles and 42 poems with "Drinking" as the heading; 73 titles and 83 poems with "Shangszu", "March 3rd " or "Lant'ing" as the heading; 41 titles and 41 poems with "Chihsi" as the heading; 4 titles and 4 poems with "Shushih" as the heading; 2 titles and 14 poems with "On Reading…”as the heading. This makes a total of 188 titles and 273 poems.
This study first examines the concept, formation, development and establishment as an accepted genre of the "Tsa" poetry in Wen Hsuan. Then we examine the relationship of "Tsa" poetry to the other subcategories of Wen Hsuan, in order to better determine its position among them. Next we analyse the form and content of the 273 "Tsa" poems mentioned above.
It was concluded that poems in the "Tsa" category are quite varied in form and content; this was due to a lack of a more unified choice of content on the part of the poet during composition, resulting in no clear similarity to the other categories in Wen Hsuan. The compiler of Wen Hsuan thus put all these poems with no clear similarities to poems in other categories and which were neither "Songs" nor "Imitations" into the one category of "Tsa". These internal and external factors were the legacy handed down by the "Tsa" poems of Wen Hsuan to an "Tsa" poetry of the Six Dynasties. If we analyse the various further subcategories from the perspective of content unification, we find that, among the"Tsa" poems of the Six Dynasties, there is narrative poetry: "National Epics", "Clan Epics", "poems on History", "Narrative poems", "Garrison the Frontiers poems", "Frontier poems", "Hunting poems", "Yuhsia poems”; lyrical poetry: "Recluse poems", "pastoral poems", "Yuhsien poems", "Hsuanyen poems", "Nature poems", "Yungwu poems", "Love poems", "poems on Family Love", "Frienship poems", "Yunghuai poems", "palace poems". This makes a total of 19 categories based on content. This goes to prove that the concept of "Tsa" in the "Tsa"category of poems from Wen Hsuan and all the "Tsa" poems of the Six Dynasties are closely connected to the content classifications of all Six Dynasty poetry. This also strengthens my theory on the Six Dynasties poetry Content Categorisation System. |
