| 摘要: | 台灣寺廟的供具，是指佛寺或宮廟中供奉佛菩薩或神明的工具，一般而言，供像前最常見的供品為香、花、燈、果，這四種供品中，供香的香爐與供燈燭的燈具，最為固定長久，因製作材質的差異，不同的造型款式，豐富的變化文飾，充份表現了傳統工藝的美感，又因器身上往往留下年款，可考證寺廟建立的年代，深具歷史價值。而香爐與燈具大部分均安置於佛龕前大形供桌上，供桌大多選上好檜木，或楠木製成，可分上供桌與下供桌，上供桌呈長方形高度較高，下供桌呈正方形高度低於上供桌。上供桌有多樣的變化造形，如樤環翹頭供桌等，下供桌正面往往多加一層木版桌圍，上有圖飾，藝術價質高。本研究計劃就台南、嘉義、彰化、新竹、宜蘭等地區選定若干建廟歷史較古老的寺廟，調查其殿宇中屬於前清或日治時代的有確定銘年的供具，加以丈量其尺寸，拍攝其外形與文飾，登錄之，整理之，以建立其沿革與演變的系譜，庶幾彌補臺灣美術史中工藝篇的不足。自2008年以來，筆者計畫出版五本《台灣佛教美術》，其中〈供像篇〉、〈建築篇〉、〈繪畫篇〉等三冊已於十月、十一月分別於藝術家雜誌社出版，而第四冊曰：〈法器供具篇〉，正擬稿中。而2008年9月已先發表的「從銅鐘風格演變看臺灣寺廟文化」(臺灣民俗藝術彙刊第四期)一文，是撰寫此篇的開始，本研究計畫也是在此基礎上，朝向「法器供具篇」的完成。
The instruments of offering in Taiwanese temples refer to the instruments that contribute to Bodhisattva or Gods in Buddhist temples or monasteries. Generally speaking, the most common offerings in front of Gods statues are incenses, flowers, lights and fruits. Among these four offerings, the stoves for the incenses and the lights for the candles are the most regular and long in history. With different materials, styles, the rich variety of decoration, it presents the beauty of traditional art thoroughly. Because the instrument often left the evidence that can prove the year the temple was built, it also has deep historical value in it. Most of the stoves and lights are placed on the bigger size of offering table right in front of Buddhist cabinet. Good Chinese Juniper and Machilus Nanmu are chosen as material for the offering table. There is a difference between upper offering table and lower offering table. The upper table has higher height with rectangular shape while the lower table comes in a square shape. The upper offering table has various styles such as wooden rings with raised angles. There is often an extra layer of wood board in front of the lower table. This wood board often has decoration with high value of art. This research plan focuses on chosen temples with older history in the areas of Tainan, Chiayi, Changhua, Hsinchu, and Yilan. The survey focuses on the stoves, lights, offering table and other instruments of offerings that are dated back to the Qing dynasty or periods under Japanese occupation. By measuring the sizes, photographing the appearances and describing the decorations, recording it and organizing it, it can compensate for the lack of arts and crafts section of Taiwanese art history, and building the lists of inheritance and evolution. In 2008, the author published three books with respect to statues, architecture, and drawing in Taiwanese Buddhist Art. (Artists Journal) The fourth book: “Chapter of Instrument of Offerings” is under the process. In September 2008, the published article “A look at Taiwanese Temple Culture through the Change in the Style of Bells” (Journal of Taiwan Folk Arts fourth season) serves as the beginning of this chapter. This research and survey is also the basis of the completion of “The Chapter of Instrument of Offerings”. |
