| 摘要: | 人類所營之社會生活，不外乎經濟生活與倫理生活，規範經濟生活，以保護財貨秩序之法律，即為財產法。物權所規範人對物之支配關係為內容，性質上固屬財產法。物權既是財貨歸屬法之一，故以財貨之享有為內容，著重在靜的安全之保護，以實現財貨歸屬之機能。惟物權鞏固財貨之歸屬秩序，方能使基於信賴而生之商品交易成為可能。物權有所有權與定限物權之分，定限物權依其所支配標的物內容之不同，則有用益物權及擔保物權之別。所謂擔保物權係指債權人以確保債務之清償為目的，於債務人或第三人所有之物或權利上所設定，以取得擔保作用。因物權擔保制度之型態有：抵押權、質權、留置權，本文僅就留置權為討論範圍。至於本文所稱的留置權，係指依臺灣地區民法、大陸地區民法通則、擔保法、合同法、物權法及兩岸其他特別法所定。有鑒於臺灣地區現行民法第三編物權之第九章留置權於2007年3月28日修正公布，及大陸地區於1986年4月12日制定公布民法通則、1995年6月30日制定公布擔保法、1999年3月15日制定公布合同法、及2007年3月16日制定公布物權法，大致上兩岸就物權（留置權）部分，已制定立法加以規範。因兩岸已於去年開放大三通以來，兩岸人民來往頻繁，且經貿狀況日益增加，雖兩岸就留置權部分，已有完整法律規範，但實際上而言，兩岸法律、實務及學說上（就留置權部分）仍有所差異，為了因應日後涉及民事糾紛與日俱增，則兩岸法院、仲裁機構、專家學者及人民適用彼岸地區法令規定之情形相當頻繁，本文以兩岸留置權制度為中心，就兩岸所可能衍生之相關實體及程序問題，為深入探討，俾能助於國人對於上述論題加以了解，並供未來修法之參考，為本文研究之主要目的。
茲說明本論文之主要章節架構如次：
第一章 緒論
本章乃就研究本論題之動機、目的、方法及範圍加以說明。
第二章 臺灣及大陸地區留置權之序說
本章首先分別就兩岸留置權意義及性質、留置權之沿革及社會作用、留置權與其他類似權利之區別作概述。
第三章 臺灣及大陸地區留置權之發生及消滅
本章就兩岸留置權成立之要件，按留置權成立之積極要件與消極要件、留置權所擔保效力範圍、留置權標的物的範圍、留置權人的權利義務、留置物所有人之權利義務、留置權對其他擔保物權之效力加以說明，接著再就兩岸留置權之消滅作探討，最後提出兩岸地區留置權之判決及相關案例作為參考。
第四章 臺灣及大陸地區特殊留置權
本章就有關臺灣地區民法上留置權之規定、臺灣地區民法物權編之特殊留置權、特別法之留置權，及大陸地區特別留置權之規定，臚列加以析述及探討。
第五章 兩岸留置權制度之異同
因海峽兩岸之留置權規定大致上相同，但仍有差異之處，有可能造成兩岸人民財產及權利受到損害之虞，故本章僅就兩岸之一般留置權及特別法上的留置權之異同加以探討與分析比較，讓兩岸人民對於臺灣地區與大陸地區之留置權的制度之差異更加明瞭。
第六章 結論
本章係針對臺灣地區物權法修正前、後之差異及臺灣地區物權法修正後面臨之問題提出來加以總結，冀望經由本論文研究，對於人民財產權之保障以及留置權之制度有無修改之必要等等，作為未來立法及改革方針之參酌，俾為臺灣地區未來在留置權修正上，略盡棉薄之力。
The scope of human’s social life is nothing beyond economic and moral life, while the law standardizing the economic life to arrange the properties and goods in order is the Property Law. Right in rem stipulates the relationship dominated by human to objects and is attributed to Property Law in nature. Since right in rem is one of property attributions rules, the ownership of properties focuses on static safety protection to carry out the function of property attribution. Only the property attribution order reinforced by right in rem could make product transactions based on trust be possible. There are ownership and qualified right in rem categories of right in rem, while qualified right in rem is divided into real right for usufruct and real rights granted byway of security. The into real right for usufruct and real rights granted byway of security referred hereto means the security is set to the object or right of the debtor or third party by the creditor to assure the liquidation of debt. The types of real right for security are: mortgage, pledge and lien, and the essay only discussed the lien. The lien referred to herein means the extent stipulated in Civil Code in Taiwan Area, General Principles of Civil Code in Mainland China, Security Law, Contract law, Real Right Law and other cross-strait special laws. Seeing that the revised right in lien set forth in Chapter 9 of Part III of current Civil Code in Taiwan Area was promulgated on March 28, 2007, while the General Principles of Civil Code in Mainland China was promulgated on April 12, 1986, Security Law was promulgated on June 30, 1995, Contract Law was on March 15, 1000 and Real Right Law was on March 16, 2007. In general, there are laws governing right in rem (lien) established by both sides across the strait. Since the beginning of Three Direct Links from last year, people in cross strait communicate frequently and the economic trades grows day after day. Although there are complete legal standards in term of lien of both sides, however, it is still different in term of laws, practices and theories (in respect of lien). In order to response increasing civil disputes involved later on, the application of laws across the strait by courts, arbitration institutes, professionals and scholars on both sides will be frequent. The study centered on the lien system of both side and proceeded profound discussion regarding physical and procedural problems might be derived to facilitate our people understanding the issues aforesaid and for references in the future.
The main structure of the essay is explained as follows:
Chapter 1 Introduction
The chapter explains the motivation, goal, measure and scope of the essay
Chapter 2 Introduction of Lien in Taiwan and Mainland China
The chapter first makes brief introduction regarding the meaning and nature of lien across the strait, the history of lien and its social effect and difference between lien and other similar rights.
Chapter 3 Formation and Elimination Lien in Taiwan and Mainland China
The chapter explains the requirements of lien across the strait, the active and passive requirements for formation of lien, the scope of security effect of lien, extent of lien subject, the rights and obligations of lien holder and the effect of lien to other secured right of rem, followed by discussion of elimination of lien across the strait. Finally, the judgment and related cases across the strait are proposed for reference.
Chapter 4 Special lien in Taiwan and Mainland China
The chapter lists the regulations of lien set forth in Civil Code in Taiwan Area , the special lien of right in rem under Civil Code in Taiwan Area and lien under special laws and regulations of special lien in Mainland China for analysis and discussions.
Chapter 5 Lien system of cross-strait differences and similarities
Across the Taiwan Strait due to the lien provisions of substantially the same, but there are still discrepancies, there are people on both sides may result in damage to property and rights at risk, so far as both sides of this chapter, the general lien and a lien on the special law to the similarities and differences Discussion and analysis and comparison, so for people on both sides of the Taiwan Area and Mainland Area lien system differences more clear.
Chapter 6 Conclusion
Department of chapter amendment for property law in Taiwan before and after differences and Property Law in Taiwan face the problem of the amended proposed to be concluded, hoping through this research, the protection of property rights for the people and the lien or without modification, the need for the system, as Future legislation and reform policy of the Canzhuo, to serve as a lien on future amendments to the Taiwan region, and a little thinner to make the power of cotton. |
