中國哲學分析化的嘗試: 以胡適為例

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题名:	中國哲學分析化的嘗試: 以胡適為例
作者:	孫中曾
贡献者:	哲學系
关键词:	胡適中國哲學邏輯方法分析轉向實用主義係詞
日期:	2010
上传时间:	2011-11-14 12:21:54 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本文考察由胡適所展開，以邏輯方法解釋中國哲學的方法，在當代中國哲學分析轉向中所扮演的角色。胡適通常被視為白話文運動、新史學的建立者及中國哲學重建等諸多學術領域、或統稱為中國人文學科的文藝復興、在各領域上的詮釋典範。本文立意，認為這些範例之所以能夠轉型及建構的根本基礎在於胡適對邏輯方法的建立，這邏輯方法源自希臘先蘇以來並夥同美國實用主義的邏輯思想，也就是胡適用之以詮釋古代中國哲學所撰成論文的邏輯方法，是胡適經由分析古代中國哲學的邏輯方法，得到係詞、命題、判斷、論證以及不同學派中的知識論的轉化，本文經由語法的分析，在胡適以翻譯為詮釋的古代材料中取得一致性，在這些分析中得到胡適面向哲學的不同面貌，胡適嘗試吸收立基於邏輯方法、以存在與不存在的概念為主、以及在理性中探求確定性等西方強的哲學性質，將之引入中國哲學之中，這些需求徹底地形成中國哲學的分析轉向。本文認為，這以中國思想為脈絡的理解及連同詹姆斯、杜威實用主義方法的詮釋，可以知道胡適的哲學是不同於受限於傳統語言的漢學，及其對中國思想的解釋，而胡適的邏輯方法與知識論議題提出的分析轉向，至今仍在塑造著中國哲學。 This dissertation considers the role of the logical method in modern Chinese philosophy as thought to be of an analytical turn along with Hu Shih. Since Hu so often stands as a paradigm for many different fields of interpretation activity, especially in Chinese language reform, rebuilding Chinese theory of history, and reconstructing Chinese philosophy, all together amounting to a renaissance in the Chinese human sciences, I address the roots of these many exemplars of the Chinese human sciences by examining the logical method along with Hu’s philosophical discourse in a pre-Socratic fashion and allying the American pragmatism as employed in Hu’s doctoral dissertation and elsewhere. Starting from the logical method that Hu uses for analysis of ancient Chinese philosophical materials and concepts – the copula, the proposition, the argument, and the theory of knowledge therewith – I try to parse different strands of Hu’s translation and interpretation of these materials and concepts so as to demarcate the coherence in his philosophical discourse. While each of these analyses captures a different angle of Hu’s workings vis-à-vis philosophy, I argue that Hu is attempting all around to assimilate traditional Chinese thought unto Western philosophy in the latter’s characterization of logic, of “being and non-being,” and of rationality. All these call for, and radically so, an analytical turn of philosophical discourse. With an understanding of the context of Chinese philosophical thought on mind and in relation to Hu’s interpretation of James’s and Dewey’s “pragmatic ways,” I further contend that the philosophy of Hu suggests a kind of analytical turn in modern Chinese philosophical history, a phenomenon which goes beyond conventional boundaries between language and philosophy and sinology. Moreover, I maintain that Hu’s philosophical discourse points to a new dimension of the logical method and epistemology, which has ever since taken up “his making of the Chinese philosophy.”
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