中國大陸與中南半島國家水資源爭議之研究

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题名:	中國大陸與中南半島國家水資源爭議之研究
作者:	左敦祥
贡献者:	政治學研究所碩士在職專班
关键词:	瀾滄江湄公河水資源爭議
日期:	2010
上传时间:	2011-11-07 16:21:51 (UTC+8)
摘要:	自1972年黃河首次斷流開始，中國大陸水資源短缺的問題日益惡化，全國2/3的主要城市自80年代起陷入缺水困境，各項蓄水、引水、提水工程在主要江河上大規模展開，試圖利用水利工程來平衡水資源分配。中國大陸自改革開放以來，經濟快速發展刺激了能源需求的高速增長，由於石油天然氣儲量先天不足，發展水電被當作解決能源短缺的重要出路，中國大陸西南地區的大江大河成為了水電開發的主要戰場。中國大陸西南地區的主要河流有瀾滄江、雅魯藏布江、怒江、紅河、伊洛瓦底江等，均為跨越多國的國際河流，都發源於中國大陸境內，中國大陸位居這些河流的上游，對這些河流有一定的影響能力，上游地區水資源的開發利用或多或少地會對下游產生影響，水資源污染也可能被傳遞到下游國家，下游地區國家擔心中國大陸過度的開發利用水資源將影響他們的利益，因此產生警惕或受威脅的心理。湄公河水電之爭，已超越工程範疇。中國大陸如應邀成為湄公河委員會正式成員，則必須與鄰國分享所有的水利資訊，並把瀾滄江梯級水電大壩納入下游湄公河盆地的發展藍圖。一方面，中國大陸西南水電發展將受到來自境外的制約，但另一方面，中國大陸的加入可提升湄公河委員會地位，進而參與對湄公河盆地管理計畫整合，展現中國大陸在東協自由貿易區中的大國地位，有重要的地緣戰略意義。 The first time of Yellow River blocked the flow from 1972, the shortage of water resources issue of mainland China is worsened day by day, Two-thirds main cities of mainland China fell into the water scarcity predicament from the 80s.Each storage, the pilot and drew water projects were launched massively in the main rivers, They attempted to using the hydraulic engineering to balance the water resources assignment.Since the reform and open policy of Mainland China, the fast development of economy has stimulated the energy need to grow up rapidly.Because the petroleum gas reserves congenitally deficient in mainland China, the development of water and electricity is treated as the important solution for shortage of energy. Then the big rivers in southwest area of mainland China have become the main battlefield of water and electricity development. The main rivers in southwest of mainland China are Lancang River, Yarlung Zangbo River, Nujiang, Red River, Irawaddy River and so on. They are all the international river and strides across multi-countries.They originates within the boundaries of mainland China. Mainland China is situated in the upstream of these rivers and have certain influence to these rivers.The water resources development of upstream area will have the influence to the downstream. The water resources pollution possibly transmitted the downstream countries.The countries of the down stream area worried that mainland China excessive development and using the water resources will affect their benefit. For this reason, they feel vigilant or threaten. The struggle of water and electricity in Mekong River has gone beyond the project category. If Mainland China is invitated to be the official member of Mekong River Committee he must share all water conservation information with the neighboring countries and integrates the Lancang River stave water and electricity dam to the development blueprint of Mekong River basin. At the same time, the water and electricity development of southwest mainland China the will be restricted by foreign, but on the other hand, mainland China may promote its status by joining Mekong River Committee and to participate the Mekong River basin management plan conformity. To unfolding the great nation status of mainland China in Association of Southeast Asian Nations free-trade zone. There is an important geography strategic sense.
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