從李安之電影詮釋美國社會1960到1970年代的關鍵轉變

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Title:	從李安之電影詮釋美國社會1960到1970年代的關鍵轉變
Authors:	黃柏鈞
Contributors:	美國研究所
Keywords:	李安美國社會 1960年代 1970年代冰風暴綠巨人浩克斷背山胡士托風波
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2011-11-07 14:51:48 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	中文摘要 1960年代，是科技突飛猛進的時代，美國嬰兒出生率大幅提升，青年男女的戶外活動增加，流行文化崛起，社會開始由1950年代的安定拘謹，走向探索與創新的領域；然而，青年對於家庭觀念也漸漸減弱，個人主義開始成為主流。 1970至1974年，僵持多年的越戰，對美國社會造成深遠的衝擊，1960年代中期的民權運動也讓社會走向更自由化、多元化的時代，民眾的反動意識高漲，整個社會風氣從被動走向主動，但個人對於家庭與社會的價值觀，也隨著風氣的轉變，進入混沌不明的困境。知名旅美華裔電影導演李安，在他至今長達十九年的電影生涯中，共推出了十一部作品，其中有五部皆以美國歷史上之社會及文化為探討題材，除了以南北戰爭為背景的《與魔鬼共騎》外，其他四部的背景時代皆集中於1960到1970年代，《冰風暴》探討1970年代初期，美國家庭受到性解放的影響，造成道德恐慌和家庭結構的崩解；《綠巨人浩克》改編自1960年代美國著名暢銷漫畫，隱喻進入科技時代後，科學對家庭與個人造成的衝擊；《斷背山》以美國保守的中西部為背景，描述一段橫跨1960到1980年代、為社會禁忌的同性戀情誼；《胡士托風波》關注1960年代末期，造成1970年代文化轉變的歷史關鍵事件「胡士托音樂節」。這四部作品證明李安對這個時代，以及可藉其投射當代社會的深入研究。本文將以這四部電影的詮釋觀點，藉由其透過外來者的角度，綜觀美國近代社會及文化的關鍵轉變。 Abstract The 1960s saw rapid advancements in both science and technology in the U.S. along with a substantial increase in the birth rate. Arising from this was an increase in outdoor activities of both men and women, the rise of pop culture, and society progressing from one of stability and cautiousness of the 1950s to one of exploration and innovation. Consequently, family values among the younger generation were gradually eroding and giving rise to new values based upon individualism. By the 1970s, the Vietnam War had already been in a state of quagmire for many years and had made a deep impact upon American society. The civil rights movements of the mid-1960s had also propelled society to move towards a more liberalized and pluralistic stance on issues. The public’s consciousness was raised which in turn led to rebellions against the establishment. The social climate was morphing from being passive to taking the initiative. However, individuals’ values of the family and society took a step into the unknown during this tumultuous time. Well-known American Taiwanese film director Ang Lee has launched a total of 11 works in over 19 years during his film career thus far; including five that have explored the themes of American social and cultural history. Aside from “Ride with the Devil” which takes place during the Civil War, the other four are all focused on the period from the 1960s to 1970s. “The Ice Storm” interprets the influence of sexual liberation on American families as well as the outcome of a moral panic and the collapse of the family structure in the early 1970s. “The Hulk,” adapted from the bestselling American comic, implies the impact of science on families and individuals entering the technological age. “Brokeback Mountain,” set in the conservative Midwestern United States, describes a homosexual relationship which was socially taboo during the early 1960s and continued into the early 1980s. “Taking Woodstock” focuses on the historical key event, ‘The Woodstock Festival,’ which resulted in the cultural changes of the 1970s. These four films demonstrate Ang Lee’s deep study of this era and its projection on contemporary society. This thesis will provide and overview of the key changes of modern American society and culture. I will do this through the interpretations offered by these four films as well as providing an outsiders viewpoint.
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