| 摘要: | 李東陽（1446-1516），字賓之，號西涯，諡文正，祖籍湖南茶陵。李東陽歷事四朝，是明代中期同時活躍於文壇與政壇的重要人物。他的詩歌作品收編在《懷麓堂稿》與《麓堂續稿》中。而其詩歌理論除見於《麓堂詩話》外，亦散見於在他其他文章中。李東陽的詩歌理論與創作是明代文學復古的先聲。其理論見解精闢，且多從實際創作中體悟得來，對於明代中期詩壇由臺閣走向復古具有推波助瀾的作用。他的詩歌創作內容豐富，在臺閣體之後，引領一代詩風。他還開創茶陵派，領袖明代詩壇數十載。其詩歌作品和理論對後世詩人產生深遠影響。作為明代一個承先啟後的詩人，李東陽在我國詩歌發展史上佔有重要地位。
本研究主要從李東陽的生平經歷、詩歌理論和詩歌創作等方面來著手，文分七章。第一章緒論，略述本研究撰寫之動機、研究方法與前人研究成果。第二章李東陽的生平與著作分為三節，首先介紹李東陽的籍貫及先世，並分四個時期介紹其生平。其次介紹李東陽之師承及交遊狀況。最後則介紹李東陽的著作及版本。第三章李東陽所處時代與詩壇，首先說明李東陽所處時代的政治、社會背景。其次則說明李東陽與當時詩壇流派的淵源與關係。
關於李東陽詩歌理論的研究分析，以及李東陽對歷代詩人的品評，則集中於第四章。首先介紹李東陽的著作《麓堂詩話》，其次分詩文辨體、詩學格調、識先力後、詩樂合一論、以聲論詩、詩貴情思以及力主創新等七點解析李東陽的詩歌理論，最後則說明李東陽對歷代詩人之評語。李東陽詩歌的內容與特色分析是第五章的重點。本章首先將李東陽詩歌的內容分為詠史懷古詩、山水風光詩、弔亡哀輓詩、題畫詠物詩以及應酬送行詩五類分別介紹。其次說明李東陽詩歌具有揉合館閣山林、宗唐法杜卻不泥於古、重視民歌但質而不俚以及關懷社會，反映現實等藝術特色。最後則說明李東陽創作詩歌時，所運用的創作技巧。
李東陽對明清詩壇影響深遠，本研究於明末、清初、清代中葉，各舉楊慎、錢謙益以及沈德潛為代表，說明李東陽之影響。
李東陽首創格調說，引領明中葉詩壇的復古思潮，其詩歌上承臺閣體，下啟復古派，承先啟後，兼容各家之長，乃是一個在詩歌理論及詩歌創作均有相當成就的明代詩人。
Abstract
In the Ming Dynasty, Li Dong-Yang (1441-1516 AD), born in Hunan Province, Chaling city, was an influential statesman as he had served as an official within the regime of four emperors. In addition, he was an important scholar and poet, being recognized as Bin Zhi (his courtesy name), Xi Ya (his pseudonym) and Wen Zheng (his posthumous name).
His poetry was compiled into Huai Lu Tang Gao and Lu Tang Xu Gao. In addition to Lu Tang Shi Hua, his poetry theories could be found in other articles. Li served as a pioneer in restoring the tradition of poetry theories and literary creation in the Ming Dynasty. His theories, developed based on his inspirations from his literary works, were insightful. He shifted the literary style of poetry in the mid-Ming Dynasty from Tai Ge Genre to the old one. Besides, his poetry, rich in content, played a leading role in literary arena after the raise up Tai Ge Genre. He also established the school of ChaLin poetic style, affecting the entire Ming Dynasty literature’s development for a few decades. Li’s poetries and theories produced profound influence on the future poets. As a great poet who inherited the past and ushered in the future, Li occupied an important position in the Chinese literary history.
The main issues of this research are Li Dong-Yang’s life experience, poetry theories and poetry. The full text is divided into seven chapters. The following are key points of each chapter.
Chapter One – Introduction:
A brief account of research motivation, methods and the results of previous studies.
Chapter Two – Li Dong-Yang’s life story and literary works:
First, to introduce Li’s nationality and ancestors, and divided his life story into four periods. Second, to discuss Li’s educational background and social engagements. Last, to introduce Li’s literary works and different versions.
Chapter Three – The Ming Dynasty and its literary world of poetry
First, to discuss the political and social backgrounds in the Ming Dynasty. Then, to discuss the relationship between Li and other members from different schools of poetic creation.
Chapter Four – Li Dong-Yang’s poetic theories and comments
First, to introduce《Lu Tang Shi Hua》. Then, to elaborate his poetic theories. Last, to specify his comments on ancient poets.
Chapter Five – The contents and features of Li Dong-Yang’s poetry
First, to introduce Li’s poetry according to different categories. Second, to elaborate the artistic features of Li’s poetry. Last, to analyze Li’s writing techniques and strategies.
Chapter Six – The significance and evaluation of Li Dong-Yang’s poetry
First, to discuss the impact of Li Dong-Yang’s poetry on future generations. Then, to address the evaluation on Li’s poetry.
Chapter Seven – Conclusion
To summarize the outputs obtained in this research, the deficiencies, and the prospects for future researches. |
