| 摘要: | 研究背景與研究目的：本研究關注非傳統職業女性，並以女性資訊人員為研究對象；研究目的包括：瞭解女性資訊人員的「自我效能」與「工作任務表現」對生涯的影響；描述女性資訊人員的生涯阻礙及生涯韌性；探索女性資訊人員對家庭、婚姻的觀感與期待對生涯的影響。為達上述目的，本研究採用敍事研究法，其研究過程是透過深度訪談收集四位女性研究參與者生涯敍說文本，經過資料處理過程，建構出研究參與者獨特生涯敍事與分析結果。
研究結果：
1.對資訊專業這類非傳統職業者來說，「自我效能」主要來源為行動經驗與言語的說服，行動經驗包含青少年時期在校成績、擔任幹部的經驗、升學考試的成就感；言語說服則包含學校的師長、父母，自我效能會在雙向評估下統整出我將成為什麼人的自我認同形象。「工作任務表現」則會建構專業效能與取得職場重要他人(主管、同儕及其他合作夥伴)的認可。
2.「生涯阻礙」含蓋個人因素、家庭因素、其他外在環境因素，個人因素為(1)身體健康問題、(2)壓抑、忍耐、配合環境需求的特質、(3)專業能力限制；家庭因素為(1)原生家庭父母的反對、(2)家庭經濟困窘、(3)面臨懷孕的期待、(4)夫妻衝突的議題、(5)婆媳的磨合、(6)照顧子女的責任；其他環境因素為(1)老師成績導向、專業不精的教學態度、(2)企業組織的經營策略不佳、(3)主管不友善的態度、(4)同儕的競合、(5)工作壓力(工作時間長、工作負荷量大)。「生涯韌性」含蓋個人因素、家庭的接納與支持、以及其他環境的助力三個層面，個人因素為(1)勇於面對挑戰、(2)高自我效能、(3)求知的精神、(4)嚴謹、認真負責的態度、(5)信念的改變、(6)找尋意義；家庭的接納與支持為(1)情緒上的接納、(2)提供訊息及因應策略、(3)經濟資源的協助、(4)家人協助照顧子女；其他社會因素為(1)師長的認同與關心、(2)同學的鼓勵與接納、(3)主管、同事的關懷及協助、(4)志工團體的影響力。
3.「家庭、婚姻的觀感與期待對生涯的影響」，本研究顯示研究參與者會受到原生家庭、婚後家庭及當下職業生涯所影響。(1)原生家庭的經濟狀態會影響女性資訊人員對婚姻與家庭的圖像。(2)婚後家庭和丈夫的分工，受原生家庭影響。(3)對未來婚姻與家庭的期待，受到過去成長經驗及當下的職業生涯影響。
Study background and purposes: This study focuses on the non-traditional career women, and takes the female information staff as the object of the study. The study purposes include: understand the effect of self-efficacy and task performance on the career of female information staff, describe the career obstacles and career resilience of the female information staff, explore the effect of their views and expectations towards family and marriage on their career. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purposes, this study adopts the narrative study method, in which the study process is to gather information and the responses of the four female participants through in-depth interviews, and construct the unique career narration and analysis results of the participants through data sorting.
Study results:
1. For the non-traditional occupations like the information field, self-efficacy is mainly from the action experience and verbal persuasion. Action experience includes the academic performance during the teenage period, experience of being a leader, and a sense of achievement attained from the entrance examination, while verbal persuasion includes the prediction of one’s future concluded after a two-way evaluation by the seniors, parents and oneself. Task performance constructs the professional efficacy and recognition obtained from the other important persons in the workplace (i.e. supervisor, colleagues and other partners).
2. The career obstacles include the individual factors, family factors and other external environment factors. The individual factors consist of (1) body health, (2) characteristics of depression, tolerance, and adjusting to the environmental demands, (3) limitations of professional ability. Family factors include (1) objection from the biological parents (2) economic difficulties of the family (3)expectation of pregnancy, (4) controversial subjects between couples, (5) getting along well with the mother-in-law, (6) taking care of the children. Examples of environmental factors are (1) performance-oriented and non-professional teaching attitude of the teacher, (2) bad operation strategies of the organization, (3) unfriendly attitude of the supervisor, (4) competition with the colleagues, (5) stress from work (long working hours and heavy workload). Career resilience covers the following three dimensions, namely, individual factor, family acceptance and support, and other environmental assistance. The individual factors consist of (1) courage to tackle challenges, (2) high self-efficacy, (3) a continuous thirst for knowledge (4) a serious and responsible attitude, (5) changes in beliefs, (6) pursuit of significance. Family acceptance and support includes (1) mental acceptance, (2) providing information and countermeasures, (3) financial assistance and support, (4) helping to take care of the children. Social factors include (1) recognition and concern from the seniors, (2) encouragement and acceptance from classmates, (3) care and assistance from supervisor and colleagues, (4) influence from the volunteer groups.
3. In terms of the effect of their views and expectations towards family and marriage on their career, this study shows that the study objects are affected by their biological family, family-after-marriage and current career. (1) The economic status of the biological family will affect the impression of the female information staff towards their marriage and family. (2) The responsibility towards the husband after marriage is affected by the biological family. (3) Expectations towards their future marriage and family are affected by their experiences while growing up and their current career. |
