| 摘要: | 本研究利用噪音計及個人噪音劑量計量測國樂系學生演奏環境音量及個人噪音暴露劑量，並使用聽力檢查儀檢測其聽力閾值，同時透過問卷調查，了解國樂系學生的樂器使用經歷、自覺健康狀況及生活習慣等，以探討影響聽力之相關因素。
研究對象共計139人，其使用樂器包含古箏、琵琶、揚琴、柳琴、阮、笛、笙、嗩吶、二胡、革胡、打擊樂器、鋼琴等12種。其中柳琴、琵琶、笛、笙、嗩吶、二胡、打擊樂器及鋼琴等8種樂器的均能音量超過85 dB(A)，已達噪音作業場所之標準，且笛、笙、嗩吶及打擊樂器的噪音暴露劑量大於法規規定之八小時容許暴露劑量，表示國樂樂器所發生的音量，不亞於一般高噪音作業場所。根據美國耳鼻喉學會判斷聽力異常的標準，國樂系學生有125人 (89.9%) 在低頻範圍出現聽力異常情形，其中13人 (9.4%) 在高頻範圍亦聽力異常。由邏輯迴歸分析結果顯示，影響本研究中國樂系學生聽力之主要因子為個人疾病史、學習年資及MP3使用時間。其中具有個人疾病史、學習年資越長者、MP3使用時間愈長，聽力異常的機率愈大。此外，在聽力圖的各分頻中，於4k及6k Hz處已有凹谷情形的產生，顯示國樂系學生已有前期噪音型聽力損失的徵狀。
This study investigated the affecting factors of hearing on the students of the department of Chinese Music. The investigation used sound level meter and noise dosimeter to measure the sound level of playing environment and the personal noise dose. Moreover, the hearing threshold was measured by the audiometer and the experience of instrument, perceived health status and life situation from questionnaires were conducted.
The subjects are 139 students and the major 12 instruments are Guzheng, Pipa, Yangqin, Liu-Chin, Ruan, Dizi, Sheng, Suona, Erhu, Cello, Percussion and piano. There are 8 instruments including Liu-Chin, Pipa, Dizi, Sheng, Suona, Erhu and Percussion whose average equivalent energy sound level (Leq) are over 85 dB(A), they have reached the threshold of noise workplace. Besides, the personal noise doses (8 hours) of Dizi, Sheng, Suona and Percussion are greater than the permitted value of regulation in workplace. According to the standard of determining hearing loss from American Academy of Otolaryngology, there are 125 (89.9%) students raise hearing threshold in low frequency range, and 13 (9.4%) of which are also hearing threshold raising in high frequency range. The results from the logistic regression show that the main affecting factors of hearing in this study are related diseases affecting hearing, years of learning, and time of using MP3 player. The hearing threshold raising is positively correlated with related diseases affecting hearing, years of learning, and time of using MP3 player. Furthermore, the audiograms pattern shows a typical notch in the 4k and 6k Hz. It means the students have emerged early symptoms of noise-induced hearing loss. |
