| 摘要: | 以集水區(watershed)為生態單元的生態規劃方法已被視為合理、可行並常見於一般的土地使用規劃方法中。陽明山國家公園目前正在進行第三次的通盤檢討，並擬就現有的管制區域考量土地使用的合理性，值此之際，如何以集水區生態單元的觀念，從國家公園的地形、水文及生態上等地形與環境要素來區劃管制區域，以達符合永續經營的規劃方式，實有其必要性。因此本研究以陽明山國家公園為例，目的是從集水區生態單元的規劃方法，重新區劃國家公園內的土地使用方式，並與現有的劃定方式進行比較。研究方法包括集水區生態單元之萃取和集水區生態單元之分類區劃、及集水區生態規劃方法與現有區劃方法之比較。其中有關集水區生態單元之萃取係以數值地形模型(digital terrain model,DTM)自動化萃取集水區做為生態單元；集水區生態單元之分類區劃則應用地理資訊系統（geographical information system, GIS）和多變量統計方法(multivariate statistical analysis)，配合坡度、坡向、海拔高等地形資料以及植生圖、土地使用分區圖、地質敏感圖，利用群落分析法進行生態單元之相似性分類。研究結果指出，利用集水區分析而求得園內總計有348條河川數，並萃取出543個集水區，再加入環境變數因子：坡度、坡向、海拔高，經由群落分析法把集水區歸併為10類。然後利用該集水區生態單元，針對第三次通盤檢討的議題：核心價值資源保全、擴大生態保護區、擴大特別景觀區範圍，做土地使用分區的重新規劃。由本研究結果可得結論為，以集水區為生態單元的生態規劃方法可以改善過去在規劃土地利用時，相同生態棲息地單元被不完整的劃分，使國家公園內的土地使用更合乎生態永續之發展，因此本研究結果可作為陽明山國家公園第三次通盤檢討之土地使用規劃的參考。
The use of watershed as ecosystem unit for ecosystem zoning has been considered as a feasible and applicable technique in the general zoning methods on land use. Currently, Yangmingshan National Park is holding its third comprehensive review while setting the grounds on land use considerations of the existing controlled regions. At this time, how to apply the concept of using watershed as ecosystem unit to zone controlled regions based on the National Park’s topographical and environmental factors, such as its landscape, hydrology, and ecosystem, etc., in order to qualify as a zoning method of sustainable management irrefutably has its necessity. Hence, via the case study on Yangmingshan National Park, this study intends to employ the zoning method of using watershed as ecosystem unit to rezone the land use inside of national parks while assessing the current zoning methods. The method of inquiry here consists of the extraction of watershed ecosystem unit, the classification and zoning of watershed ecosystem unit, and the comparisons between the watershed ecosystem zoning method and the current zoning methods. Among which, for the extraction of watershed ecosystem unit, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is employed to automatically extract watershed as ecosystem unit; as for the classification and zoning of watershed ecosystem, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis are applied in tie with landscape data including slope, aspect, and altitude, etc., as well as information, such as vegetation, land use, geologic sensitivity maps, etc., to proceed similarity classification on ecosystem units. The result shows that,Yangmingshan National Park the number of total 348 rivers and 543 watershed extracted by cluster analysis classified into 10 groups. Watershed ecological unit for the third time overall review of the issues: Resources to the core values of preservation, expansion of ecological protection areas, special landscape area to expand to do the re-planning of land use zoning. The research shows that the use of watershed as ecosystem unit for ecosystem zoning can improve land use planning in the past forestry division of the range of classes is not complete, resulting in the same ecological habitat unit suffered two or more of the division, and to further the land use in National Park suitable for the progress of sustainable management. The results of this study as well as serving as a reference for Yangmingshan National Park’s third comprehensive review on land use and zoning. |
