| 摘要: | 台灣地區四十年來急速工業化的結果，造就了舉世稱羨的「經濟奇蹟」但是在經濟快速成長的背後，卻犧牲了我們的自然資源與環境品質，其中又以空氣品質影響的層面最廣。而民眾對空氣品質的要求也隨著環保意識的覺醒而提高。因此，地方政府空氣品質改善措施，也變成民眾對地方政府施政滿意度的重要指標之一。故本研究利用問卷調查抽樣法，來探討一般民眾與工廠負責人對地方政府空氣品質改善措施及許可制度之滿意度。將實際訪查、回收之問卷資料及政府出版相關資料輸入個人電腦資料庫。使用BMDP統計套裝軟體中的7D程式（單因子變異數分析，one-way ANOVA）及配對T檢定(PAIRWISE T-TEST)做進一步分析與驗證工作。試圖從一般民眾的識覺，了解其對地方政府執行空氣品質改善措施之滿意度。經本研究結果顯示，在「民眾對政府實施空污費之認知」方面，以中部區域民眾的認知最高，各區域的認知比率依序爲中部區域(57.56%)、南部區域(52.00%)、北部區域(46.51%)及東部區域(36.85%)。自政府開徵空氣污染防制費以來，直致力於改善空氣品質。根據環保署統計資料顯示，各縣市的PSI值大於100的不良日數，已有明顯下降趨勢，但經本研究結果顯示，仍有高達的83.86%的民眾認爲開徵空污費後，空氣品質沒有改善或沒較以前好，僅有16.04%的民眾有正面的回應。從各縣市民眾對於當地空氣品質的認知程度，台東和花蓮縣是屬於「佳」的類型；澎湖縣、宜蘭縣、嘉義市、嘉義縣、南投縣、台南市、台南縣等七縣市是屬於「良」新竹縣、雲林縣、基隆市、桃園縣、新竹市、台中市和苗栗縣是屬於「差」台中縣、屏東縣、高雄市、台北市、台北縣及高雄縣等六縣市則被歸於「劣」的類型。
Taiwan's "economic miracle" was well-known to all over the world as a result of the rapid industrialization in past several decades. However, we have paid for it, at the expense of the degradation of natural resources and environmental quality. Among them air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems existed widely in Taiwan. Consequently, the policy of improving air quality becomes one of the significant indexes to justify the residents' satisfaction to local government. The aim of this study is trying to investigate the degree of satisfaction of the residents and the factory owners toward the implementation of improving air quality policies and the approval systems of the local government, by using sampling survey and questionnaires. Both direct data from surveys and questionnaires and indirect data from the related publications were stored in P.C. (personal computer). Then, these data were analyzed, by using SPSS package and pair-wise T-test. Prom the results of the analyses, in terms of "local residents' knowledge of the implementation of air pollution fee by local government", the residents of the centrol region have the highest percentage (57.56%), followed by the southern region (52.00%), northern region (46.51%), and eastern region (36.85%). Based on BPA's (Environmental Protection Authority) Statistics, the number of days having PSI value greater than 100 was greatly decreasing for every county and city, revealing the improvement of the air quality. Nevertheless, from the results of the study, it still has as high as 83.86% of the residents surveyed considering that there is no or little improvement of air quality even after the implementation of air pollution fee, only 16.04% of the residents have positive response, i.e. considering that there is the improvement of air quality. As to the assessment of air quality by the local residents, there exists a regional disparity-four groups can be classified. Taitung and Hualien Counties belong to "excellent" class; Penhu county, Ilan county, Chia-I city, Nan-Lou county, Tainan City and Tainan county are "good"; Chinchu county, Yunlin county, Chilung city, Taoyuan county, Chinchu city, Taichung city and Miaoli county are classified as "bad"; and, finally, Taichung county, Pintuny county, Kaohsiung city, Taipei county and Kaohsiung county are considered to be "very bad". |
