海峽兩岸近六十年的農業發展過程均發生明顯的轉變，依其經濟發展及農業在時代中所佔經貿地位的重要性，本研究將台灣的農業發展分成土地改革、激勵農業發展、及加入國際貿易組織等三個時期；而大陸方面，則簡分為農村社會主義改造、改革開放、及加入國際貿易組織等三時期。其次，本文分析不同時期的重要農業指標，兩岸所面臨的農業發展問題，進而提出六項農業發展建議，即修訂農業政策範疇、提昇農村教育程度、強化科研與落實推廣、健全農漁民組織與維護農民權益、保障合理利潤與暢通運銷體系，及共創兩岸農業發展榮景。
The cross-strait situation regarding agricultural development has changed significantly in the past sixty years. Based on the contribution of the agri-sector to macro social-economic development, agricultural development is divided into different phases. Agricultural policy could be broken down into land reform (1949-1972), incentive growth (1973-2001), and entering WTO (since 2002) stages in Taiwan. For Mainland China these three periods correspond to the pre-reform (1949-1978), reform (1978-2001), and entering WTO (since 2001) periods. This article used economic, social, environmental, and institutional indicators to explore the bicoastal agricultural development issues. Thus, this research proposed some essential policy suggestions, including expanding agricultural multifunctions, improving the educational level in rural areas, enhancing R&D and agricultural extension, developing Farmers' Associations, enabling the agri-market system and securing farm income, and reinforcing agricultural cooperation between Taiwan and Mainland China.
